Word: Find whole numbers inside square brackets or parentheses

In the comments on my post on using wildcards to replace and reformat text inside square brackets, Simon J asked what he’d need to use to find all numbers inside brackets.

I can think of a scenario where I’d want to do what Simon is asking—some of my authors, usually from an engineering background, will write out a number in full then put the numeral in brackets after the word (e.g. seventeen (17) joists, five (5) days). I usually delete one of these when I’m editing, as there’s typically no reason to have both.

Find what field:

• To find numbers inside square brackets, make sure Use wildcards is on, then type this in the Find what field: \[[0-9]{1,10}\] 
• To find numbers inside parentheses (round brackets), make sure Use wildcards is on, then type this in the Find what field: \([0-9]{1,10}\) 

Replace with field:

• To replace what you found with nothing (i.e. delete all such occurrences), then leave the Replace field empty. Note: You may end up with double spaces (the spaces either side of the deleted bracketed number string), so do a standard find and replace to replace them with a single space.
• To replace what you found with something else, then add that to the Replace field.

Notes and warnings:

• This method only finds WHOLE numbers. Numbers with anything else in them (letters or any sort of punctuation, such as decimal points, any sort of hyphen or dash, commas as thousand separators, percent symbols etc.) will NOT be found.
• You can change the parameters of the search string—the example above looks for one to ten consecutive numerals inside the brackets (this is the {1,10} bit). If you wanted different parameters, then you can change these values. For example, {2,5} would look for any whole numbers with 2, 3, 4, or 5 numerals (it would ignore single numbers and numbers with 6 or more numerals), and {1,} would look for numbers of any length from single-digit numbers through to an unlimited string of numbers.
• This method does not allow you to replace just parts of the found string with other characters. For that you would need to surround each element in parentheses. For the first example, you’d use (\[)([0-9]{1,10})(\]), and for the second you’d normally use ([\(])([0-9]{1,10})([\)]), (Hint: Copy this string—there are lot of punctuation marks in here that you could get wrong if you try to type is out).

[Links last checked January 2020]

 

 

 

Word: Find text with angled brackets and replace the text with a character style

Here’s one I heard of today, and how I solved it. The person has a Word document with various words and phrases surrounded by double angled brackets, as in <<this is my phrase>>. They want to apply a character style to any text surrounded by angle brackets, and delete those brackets.

I always like a challenge like this, so here’s my solution:

1. Press Ctrl+H to open the Find and Replace window.
2. Click More.
3. Select the Use wildcards checkbox.
4. In the Find what field, type: (\<\<)(*)(\>\>)
5. In the Replace with field, type: \2
6. Click Format, then select Style.
7. Choose the character style you want to apply (character styles are indicated with a lowercase ‘a’ to their left), then click OK.
8. The character style’s name should be listed directly underneath the Find what box—make sure that this is the case.
9. Click Find Next, then click Replace if you are satisfied that the correct phrasal structure has been selected.
10. Assuming that replace worked as you wanted it to, and you are confident the result looks as you expect, click Replace All. (If in doubt, keep clicking Find Next, then Replace.)

How this works:

• The Find is broken up into three elements, each surrounded by parentheses:
  • The first element contains the opening two angled brackets.
  • The second contains an asterisk wildcard character for any character and any number of characters.
  • The third contains the closing two angled brackets.
• In the first and third elements of the Find, the angled brackets are each preceded by a \ because an angle bracket is a special character in wildcard searches and therefore must be ‘escaped’ so that Word treats it as a normal character. The ‘escape’ character is the \
• In the Replace, \2 tells Word to replace the second element (the text and all characters between the angled brackets) with itself (i.e. make no changes), and to apply the character style you chose to that replaced text.
• By omitting \1 and \3 in the Replace (representing the first and third elements of the Find), Word will effectively delete the opening and closing angled brackets.

Word: Find and highlight words of two or more capitals

I previously wrote about using wildcards in Word to find abbreviations, acronyms, and initialisms that used two or more capital letters, but that post didn’t address how to highlight these so that you can identify them easily when compiling a list of abbreviations. This one does.

1. Make sure you have a highlight colour selected (Home tab, Font group) that isn’t used for anything else.
2. Press Ctrl+H to open the Find and Replace window.
3. Click More to show further options.
4. Select the Use wildcards checkbox.
5. In the Find what field, type: (<[A-Z]{2,}>)
6. In the Replace with field, type:  \1
7. With your cursor still in the Replace with field, click Format (bottom of the window) then Highlight. The word ‘Highlight’ should display immediately below the Replace with field.
8. Click Find next to find the first string of two or more capitals.
9. If this is an acronym, abbreviation, or initialism, click Replace. The term remains the same but should now be highlighted in the colour you chose in Step 1.
10. Repeats Steps 8 and 9 to jump to and/or highlight the next string of two or more caps.
11. Optional but not recommended: If you are confident that the only strings of capital letters in your document are acronyms etc., then click Replace All. Note: Every string of capitals will be highlighted, even those that are repeats of ones you highlighted earlier and those that aren’t acronyms etc. (e.g. document numbers, fully capped words).

How this works:

• The opening and closing parentheses contain the Find command and allow you to reference it in the Replace.
• The opening and closing arrow brackets (< and >) specify that you want a single whole word, not parts of a word. Without these, you would find each set of caps (e.g. in the string ABCDEF, you would find ABCDEF, then BCDEF, then CDEF, then DEF, then EF, before moving on to the next set of caps).
• [A-Z] specifies that you want a range (the [ ] part) of caps that fall somewhere in the alphabet (A-Z). If you only wanted capped words that started with, say, H through to M, then you’d change the range to [H-M] and all other capped words starting with other letters would be ignored.
• {2,} means you want to find capped words with at least two letters in the specified range (i.e. A-Z). If you only wanted to find two- and three-letter capped words, then you’d change this to {2,3}, and all capped word of four or more letters would be ignored. By not specifying a number after the comma, the ‘find’ will find capped words of any length containing at least two letters.
• The \1 in the Replace and ‘Highlight’ below that field tells Word to replace what was found with itself, and to highlight it with the selected highlight colour.

Note: This technique does NOT find initialisms separated by periods or any other punctuation; it will find UNICEF but not U.N.I.C.E.F.

 

Word: Wildcard find and replace to put parentheses around numbers

In another post (https://cybertext.wordpress.com/2018/07/22/word-wildcard-find-and-replace-for-numbers-inside-parentheses/), Thomas asked: “I have to find any number within a document and put it into brackets: 2 -> (2); 12 -> (12); 123 -> (123)”. But he wasn’t having any luck.

A standard Find can use ^# to find any single number (but not multiple numbers), but that command doesn’t work in a wildcard find and replace.

Here’s what I came up with instead; it assumes the numbers are surrounded by a space on both sides—it won’t find any numbers that include punctuation marks (e.g. 1,000,000), that start or finish with a punctuation mark (e.g. comma, period, parenthesis, semicolon, etc.), or those that are in a word (e.g. Model1345):

1. Press Ctrl+H to open the Find and Replace dialog.
2. Click More, then select the Use wildcards check box.
3. In Find What, type: ( )(<[0-9]{1,}>)( ) (NOTE: there is a single space between the first set of parentheses and between the third set)
4. In Replace With, type: \1(\2)\3
5. Click Find Next, then click Replace once the first is found. Once you’re happy that it works, repeat until you’ve replaced them all.

What the find and replace ‘codes’ mean:

The three elements (each is enclosed in parentheses) of the Find are:

1. ( ) — For the first and third elements, you type a set of parentheses, with a space inside the parens.
2. (<[0-9]{1,}>) — The < and > represent the beginning and end of the ‘word’ respectively (in this case, the ‘word’ is a set of numbers with NO punctuation, e.g. 1, 12, 1234, 7896543); [0-9] represents any number from 0 to 9; {1,} says to look for one or more of the same (i.e. numbers) to any length immediately after that number, thus not limiting the find to only single digit numbers.

For the Replace:

• \1 — Replaces the first element (the space) with itself
• ( — Inserts an opening parens
• \2 — Replaces the second element of the Find with what was in the Find (i.e. a number).
• ) — Inserts a closing parens
• \3 — Replace the third element (the space) with itself

 

Word: Find text between quote marks and change to italic

All special terms in a Word document I worked on were surrounded by straight double quote marks. I wanted to remove the quote marks and italicise the term. For example, I wanted “term” to become term.

This was a relatively easy task using wildcards in Word’s find and replace, but there are a couple of ‘gotchas’—it won’t catch anything in curly (smart) quotes or inside single quote marks (straight or curly), or if there’s US-style punctuation (e.g. period, comma) at the end, such as “term.” I’ve added alternatives to deal with these situations. It also won’t catch more than one word inside the quote marks, and I don’t have an easy solution for that.

In ALL cases below:

• you must have Use wildcards checked in the advanced Find and Replace dialog box
• for the italics, when you’re in the Replace field, select Format > Font> and choose Italic
• all the double and single straight quotes here DO NOT display correctly, so DO NOT copy/paste from here—instead, type the quote marks in directly from your keyboard

Case 1: Double straight quotes

• Find: (“)(<*>)(“)
• Replace: \2

For those preferring to use ACSII codes, a double straight quote mark is ^034.

Case 2: Single straight quotes

• Find: (‘)(<*>)(‘)
• Replace: \2

For those preferring to use ACSII codes, a single straight quote mark is ^039.

Note: This may not work—if it doesn’t, try (‘)(*)(‘) as the Find, but be careful when replacing as a single quote mark is also used as an apostrophe. DO NOT do Replace All.

Case 3: Double curly quotes

• Find: (“)(<*>)(”)
• Replace: \2

For those preferring to use ACSII codes, an opening double curly quote mark is ^0147 and a closing one is ^0148.

NOTE: It’s easier to copy a curly quote from the main Word document and paste it into the Find. Don’t forget to copy an opening one for the left part of the Find string, and a closing quote for the right part.

Case 4: Single curly quotes

• Find: (‘)(<*>)(’)
• Replace: \2

For those preferring to use ACSII codes, an opening single straight quote mark is ^0145, and a closing single straight quote mark is ^0146.

Note: This may not work—if it doesn’t, try (‘)(*)(‘) as the Find, but be careful when replacing as a single quote mark is also used as an apostrophe. DO NOT do Replace All.

NOTE: It’s easier to copy a curly quote from the main Word document and paste it into the Find. Don’t forget to copy an opening one for the left part of the Find string, and a closing quote for the right part.

Case 5: Period or comma inside the closing quote mark

Use the relevant Find from any of the above, depending on the style of quote marks you’re looking for, and add an extra command ([,.]) to find the comma or period too. For straight double quotes, you’d change it to:

• Find: (“)(<*>)([,.])(“)
• Replace: \2\3

If you want to keep the punctuation, then you need to add \3 to the Replace. If you don’t want to keep the punctuation, then just leave it as \2. Again, don’t forget to set the Replace to italic font. The end result will be an italicised word with its trailling punctuation also in italics.

If don’t want the punctuation in italics, then you’ll need to run another find/replace using wildcards to change the punctuation back to normal text:

• Find: ([,.]) (this time, set the Find to italics using Format > Font > Italic)
• Replace: \1 (for this one, set the Replace to NOT use italics using Format > Font > Regular)

 

 

Word: Wildcard find and replace for a space after a special character

Wildcard find and replace in Word is brilliant, but sometimes it just doesn’t work.

I had set up a find and replace routine to find any of >, <, ≥, and ≤ followed by a space then a number (e.g. > 25). I wanted to remove the space from each I found (e.g. >25). The syntax I used for the find was ([><≥≤])( )([0-9]) (Note: there’s a space inside the second set of parentheses). And the replace I had was \1\3. Looks fine, right? But it didn’t work! Instead, I got some strange results with various numbers preceded by a space replaced with ‘\1\3’. The ≥≤ part worked fine, but not the >< part.

And then I remembered that certain characters have special meaning in Word’s wildcard find and replace—two of which were < for the beginning of a word, and > for the end of a word. No wonder I was getting weird results.

As with any other special characters (e.g. ?, *, [, ], etc.) you have ‘escape’ them for Word to treat them as a normal character, not a special character. The escape character is \ and when I added that in front of each of the special characters, the wildcard find and replace worked as it should.

Here’s what did work:

• Find: ([\>\<≥≤])( )([0-9])
• Replace: \1\3 

 

Word: Find multiple manually entered numbers and delete

I copied a very long manually numbered list (more than 300 numbered list items) from the internet into Notepad (to strip out the formatting), then into a Word document. Unfortunately, the numbers remained, and applying Word’s numbering didn’t get rid of them. What to do? Use Word’s Find and Replace with wildcards, of course!

My aim was to delete all the numbers and the space, en dash, space following each number, to end up with a list I could apply Word’s auto numbering to.

Here’s how I did it (NOTE: If you’re doing something similar, work on a COPY of your document first to make sure this works as you want it to):

1. Open the Find and Replace dialog box (Ctrl+h).
2. Click More.
3. Select the Use Wildcards checkbox.
4. In the Find what field, type: (<[0-9]@>)( – )
5. Leave the Replace with field empty.
6. Click Replace All.

Voilà! Almost all the numbers were gone, except for a few that used hyphens instead of en dashes or that didn’t have a space before or after the en dash, but I spotted these easily and fixed them manually.

How this works:

• The first element (in the first set of parentheses) comprises several parts:
  • < and > indicate the beginning and end of a ‘word’, respectively
  • [0-9] indicates any number in the range from 0 to 9, and with the < in front of it, any ‘word’ that starts with a numeral
  • @ says to look for whatever immediately preceded this symbol as many times as required (i.e. a number from 0 to 9) until you reach the end of word marker (in other words, a whole number of any length)
• The second element (second set of parentheses) looks for a space, en dash, space immediately following the number found in the first element
• By leaving Replace with empty, you’re replacing whatever was found that matched the Find with nothing—in other words, you’re deleting whatever was found.

 

Word: Find and replace multiple asterisks used as separator lines

On one of my editing forums, someone had a situation where the author had used many long strings of asterisks to separate various parts of the document. The length of these asterisk ‘lines’ weren’t the same—sometimes the author had used 3 asterisks, other times they’d used 4 or 8 or 35 or some other random number of asterisks. How to get rid of them all at once? Enter Word’s wildcard find and replace feature!

1. Press Ctrl+H to open the Find and Replace dialog box.
2. Click the More button to show more find/replace options.
3. Select the Use wildcards checkbox.
4. In the Find what field, type: (^013)(\*{2,50})(^013)
5. In the Replace with field, type: \1\3
6. Click Find Next to find the first instance, then Replace to replace the multiple asterisks with a paragraph mark.
7. Repeat step 6 as many times as you need to be confident that it’s finding the right things. Once you’re confident, click Replace All to run through the whole document and fix all instances.

Explanation for how this works:

• (^013) looks for a paragraph mark (this indicates the end of the previous line of text). This string defines the first section of the Find.
• (\*{2,50}) looks for two or more asterisks, up to 50 asterisks (yes, you can change the numbers inside the curly braces to suit your situation— if you think you might have some lines with 100 asterisks, then change the 50 to 100; if you don’t know what the upper limit is, then leave it empty [i.e. use \*{2,}). This string defines the second section of the Find. NOTE: An Asterisk is a special character in wildcard searches, so you need to ‘escape’ it by putting a backward slash in front of it.
• (^013) looks for a paragraph mark immediately following a string of asterisks. This string defines the third and last section of the Find.
• \1 replaces the first part of the wildcard string with itself. In other words, the paragraph mark found is replaced with itself, so no change apparently occurs.
• \3 replaces the third part of the wildcard string with itself. In other words, the paragraph mark found is replaced with itself, so no change apparently occurs.

A note about ^013: In an ordinary find/replace, you would use ^p for a paragraph mark, but this doesn’t work in a wildcard find/replace—instead, you have to use ^013.

Word: Find ‘ing’ words and change their formatting

Tessa had a problem—she needed to find all words ending in ‘ing’ in her document and format the whole word in some way.

NOTE: This find/replace will find ALL words ending in ‘ing’, but not words ending in ‘ings’ or ‘ingly’. And words such as ‘going’, ‘bring’, ‘sing’, ‘king’, and ‘thing’ also get found. But if your aim is to find ALL words ending in ‘ing’ that’s what you’ll get.

Simplest solution: If you didn’t want the whole word to be formatted, just the ‘ing’ bit, then it’s easiest to use the standard find/replace, with the ‘Match Suffix’ option turned on. See Method 1 below.

However, if you want the whole words found and formatted, you’ll need to use wildcards. See Method 2 below.

Method 1

1. Open the Find and Replace window (Ctrl+h).
2. Click More to see the extra search options.
3. In the ‘Find what’ field, type ing
4. Select the Match suffix checkbox.
5. Put your cursor in the ‘Replace with’ field, then click Format at the bottom of the window.
6. Click Font.
7. Select the formatting you want to apply to the found ‘ing’s—you can choose one or more options from this window. Then click OK to close the Font window. The formatting you selected is listed below the empty ‘Replace with’ field.
8. Click Find Next, then click Replace as many times as you need to be comfortable that the find/replace works as you want it to. If you’re happy with the matches, then click Replace All.

Method 2

This method uses Word’s find and replace with wildcards.

1. Open the Find and Replace window (Ctrl+h).
2. Click More to see the extra search options.
3. Select the Use wildcards checkbox.
4. In the ‘Find what’ field, type <[A-Za-z]@ing>
5. Put your cursor in the ‘Replace with’ field, then click Format at the bottom of the window.
6. Click Font.
7. Select the formatting you want to apply to the found ‘ing’ words—you can choose one or more options from this window. Then click OK to close the Font window. The formatting you selected is listed below the empty ‘Replace with’ field.
8. Click Find Next, then click Replace as many times as you need to be comfortable that the find/replace works as you want it to. If you’re happy with the matches, then click Replace All.

How this wildcard find/replace works:

• < and > represent the start (<) and end (>) of a word (this specifies that you’re looking for a whole word)
• [A-Za-z] look for any upper any lower case letters
• @ing tells Word to repeat looking for upper/lower case letters until it finds ing

What about ‘ing’ in the middle of a word?

Follow Steps 1 to 3 in Method 2 above, then in the ‘Find what’ field, type <[A-z]@ing[a-z]@>. Continue with Steps 5 to 8 above.

NOTE: You can’t format just a part of the replace (i.e. you can’t make just the ‘ing’ in ‘fringed’ red or bold)—it’s all or nothing.

Word: Make some specific text bold

As most people would know, you can apply bold formatting in Word using Ctrl+b or the Bold icon on the Home table on the Ribbon.

But what if you want more? What if you have some specific text scattered throughout your document that you want to make bold in one action? This was the issue Colin faced. In a comment on one of my other blog posts, Colin asked if there was a way to apply bold a set of characters that all started with the same code, but had different numbers after that code (e.g. like product codes). In his example, he had a lot of instances of VA-001, VA-002, etc. with the last three digits being different each time. He’d tried the method I’d documented in my earlier post, but he could only bold part of the code, not all of it.

As with any find and replace, once you identify the pattern, it’s easy enough to test various ways of finding a match and then applying the change to it. I figured out two methods—both using wildcards. The first method assumes there are only ever three characters (not, 1, 2, 4, etc.) after the VA- part, while the second applies to any length of the ‘word’ after VA-.

For both methods, open the Find and Replace window (Ctrl+h), click More, then check the option for Use wildcards.

Method 1: Only three characters

1. In the Find field, type: (VA-)(???)
2. In the Replace with field, type: \1\2
3. With your cursor still in the Replace with field, click Format, then Font, then select Bold. You should see Font: Bold directly below the Replace with field (see screenshot).
4. Click Replace a few times to make sure the find/replace is doing what you expect it to. Once you are satisfied, you can click Replace All.

Notes:

• In the Find, the code is separated into two parts, both surrounded by parentheses—the VA- part, which is a constant in what Colin had, and three question marks (???). A single question mark represents any single character, so by typing three question marks, you’re asking Word to look for ANY three characters (letters and/or numbers) after the VA- part. If you only had two characters, then you’d type two question marks; if you had 4, then you’d type four, etc.
• In the Replace, you’re replacing what was found in both parts with itself. In other words, you’re not changing anything. What you are doing in the Replace, though, is specifying that what you find and replace with itself is now bold (step 3).

Method 2: Any number of characters

1. In the Find field, type: (VA-)(*>)
2. In the Replace with field, type: \1\2
3. With your cursor still in the Replace with field, click Format, then Font, then select Bold. You should see Font: Bold directly below the Replace with field (see screenshot).
4. Click Replace a few times to make sure the find/replace is doing what you expect it to. Once you are satisfied, you can click Replace All.

Notes:

• In the Find, the code is separated into two parts, both surrounded by parentheses—the VA- part, which is a constant in what Colin had, and an asterisk followed by a right chevron arrow. The asterisk represents any number of characters from one to infinity. Because a ‘character’ in Word could be a space, you don’t want it to find EVERY character after the VA- part—you’d get the whole document! So you add the > to tell Word to stop at the end of the ‘word’ it finds. In other words, it will stop at any character that typically follows a set of adjacent characters (a ‘word’), such as a space, period, comma, colon, semicolon, etc.
• In the Replace, you’re replacing what was found in both parts with itself. In other words, you’re not changing anything. What you are doing in the Replace, though, is specifying that what you find and replace with itself is now bold (step 3).

[Links lat checked September 2018]